MVNO Model Developed to Assess Economic Replicability
ZAGREB, 11 November 2025 - HAKOM has finalised the MVNO ERT Model, a tool designed to evaluate the economic replicability of retail offers by operators providing MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) access. The model was developed in collaboration with the consulting firm Axon Partners Group Consulting (Axon). In July, HAKOM invited stakeholders to submit their proposals and comments on the draft model.
As a reminder, HAKOM has established an obligation for all operators holding a national licence for the use of radio frequency (RF) spectrum—whether new or existing—to provide MVNO access. This obligation applies to all types of MVNOs. To ensure effective market competition, MVNO operating conditions must allow the replication of retail services offered by the network operator whose infrastructure they use.
The MVNO ERT Model has been released with confidential data anonymised or replaced. Accompanying the model are:
- A user manual providing practical guidance on using the model (in English)
- A descriptive manual detailing the methodology and algorithms employed (in English)
- Responses to comments received during the consultation on the MVNO ERT Model, available in both Croatian and English
For additional information please contact:
Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries (HAKOM)
- Roberta Frangeša-Mihanovića 9 Street
- 10110 Zagreb, Croatia
- Tel. + 385 (0) 1 700 70 07
- Fax + 385 (0)1 700 70 70
Media inquiries can be submitted online using HAKOM’s official website: www.hakom.hr
About Hakom
HAKOM - Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries – ensures preconditions for a fair market competition, stable growth and environment for innovations in the electronic communications and postal services market. HAKOM protects users’ interests and the possibility of choice among various communications and postal services at affordable prices, defines sustainable competitive conditions for operators and service providers under fair conditions for return on investment, and provides support to economic growth, public services and the quality of life in the Republic of Croatia by using modern technologies. HAKOM’ strategic goals are: to promote regulation of the electronic communications and postal services market, to support growth of investments and innovations in the electronic communications and postal services market, to provide efficient use of limited resources, to accelerate the growth of broadband products and services, to provide affordable offers of communications and postal services, to provide protection and informing of users, to build an efficient and comprehensive information system, to define and implement efficient processes, and to acquire multi-disciplinary expertise in market regulation.